자유주의적 다문화주의에서 문화와 관용의 문제 - 킴리카의 『다문화주의 시민권』을 중심으로 -

초록

This article is in theoretical search of successful co-existence of liberalism and multiculturalism. It tries to reveal that not a policy of unilateral assimilation, the approval and the active promotion of multiculturalism can correspond to the basic principles of liberalism in a liberal multi-ethnic country through W. Kymlicka's theory. His fundamental claim is that a method of the acceptance of multiculturalism in a multi-ethnic country standing for liberalism cannot be guaranteed solely by a mere principle of human equality, but only by an enthusiastic care policy. Kymlicka says that recognition of culture is inevitably necessary in order to realize ‘free choice’ with the active meaning as well as ‘freedom from coercion’ with the passive meaning. The reason is that human freedom is not expressed without consideration of the culture he belongs to, but it is achieved in a particular culture. This means that the culture sets a kind of range of choice for freedom. Thus, if a certain country is a multi-ethnic country, the way to ensure the freedom of its members in the country should necessarily take the approach to approve their own cultures. And a progressive care policy is required if the their cultures are to be secured. In recent years, a gradually expanded opposition to multiculturalism shows that the current liberalism and multiculturalism do not harmonize. In particular, as the leading nations of the world declared a re-examination of multiculturalism, the view that multiculturalism is an ideology which cannot be dissolved in liberalism is widespread. Accordingly, not only in a country which has already been a multicultural society, but also in countries rapidly entering the multicultural society, multiculturalism is considered as a sprout of anxiety. However, conflicts and disputes between liberalism and multiculturalism are not the sudden problems occurred recently. In fact, they had been eclipsed by more urgent and critical issues, and emerged naturally since those issues were solved. That is, the conflict between liberalism and multiculturalism is virtually derived from the inherent contradictions of liberalism, not an unexpected problem resulting from a trend of rapid globalization. It is because, in essence, liberalism has the tendency of pluralism, and this tendency is directly related to multiculturalism. Therefore, we must reflect on the fundamental reason why this problem is caused, rather than criticize multiculturalism blindly. For this, a serious reflection on the inherent problems in liberalism is required.

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