러시아어 심리동사(Psych-verbs)의 격 선택: 담화·의미적 접근: 생격 vs 대격

초록

This paper examines the syntactic and semantic behavior of Russian emotional-modal verbs such as бояться ("to fear"), избегать ("to avoid"), стыдиться ("to be ashamed of"), and добиваться ("to strive for") with respect to their case government patterns. Traditionally, these verbs take genitive objects, especially when denoting abstract or non-specific entities. However, corpus-based and contextual evidence suggests that in colloquial or stylistically marked usage, accusative objects appear when the object is definite, specific, or referential—typically involving human or animate nouns. This alternation appears to be semantically motivated, echoing Olga Kagan’s semantic type theory, in which the accusative aligns with referential and individuated entities, whereas the genitive aligns with non-referential or kind-level readings. For example, бояться маму emphasizes a specific, real-life fear of one’s mother, while бояться мамы presents a more abstract or generalized notion. Using data from the Russian National Corpus (RNC), this study demonstrates statistically significant trends in case alternation across emotional-modal verbs. The paper also compares related verbs such as опасаться and слушаться, outlining case variation based on discourse context. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of Russian verb argument structure and highlight the interplay between syntax, semantics, and modality.

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