Causal effects from tobacco smoking initiation on obesity-related traits: a Mendelian randomization study

초록

Background: There is a widespread notion that tobacco smoking controls weight based on the appetite suppressive effect of nicotine. However, the causal relationship between smoking initiation and obesity-related traits in the general population are unclear. Methods: This Mendelian randomization analysis utilized 378 genetic variants associated with tobacco smoking initiation (usually in adolescence or young adulthood) identified in a genome-wide association study (meta-analysis) of 1.2 million individuals. Outcome data for body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were extracted from the 337,138 white British-ancestry UK Biobank participants aged 40–69 years. Replication analyses were performed for genome-wide association study meta-analysis for body mass index, including the GERA/GIANT data including 364,487 samples from mostly European individuals. In addition, summary-level Mendelian randomization by inverse variance weighted method and pleiotropy-robust Mendelian randomization methods, including median-based and MR–Egger regression, was performed. Results: Summary-level Mendelian randomization analysis indicated that genetically predicted smoking initiation is causally linked to higher body mass index [+0.28 (0.18–0.38) kg/m2], waist circumference [+0.88 (0.66–1.10) cm], hip circumference [+0.40 (0.23–0.57) cm], and waist-to-hip ratio [+0.006 (0.005–0.007)]. These results were consistent with those of the pleiotropy-robust Mendelian randomization analysis. Additionally, in replication analysis, genetically predicted smoking initiation was significantly associated with a higher body mass index [+0.03 (0.01, 0.05] kg/m2). Conclusion: Tobacco initiation may lead to worse obesity-related traits in the general 40- to 69-year-old individuals. Therefore, tobacco-use initiation as a long-term weight-control measure should be discouraged. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.

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