가구환경과 교육성취의 기회: 대학수학능력시험 성적을 이용한 연구

초록

The principle of equal opportunity requires that the social backgrounds, an individual is born with independently of her will or choice, should not play an advantageous or disadvantageous role in shaping the prospect of her achievement. Building on the principle, we investigate whether inequality of opportunity for educational achievement exists among Korean high school graduates. We use the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) data sets for the two years, 2005 and 2011; 2005 data set from Korean Education and Employment Panel (KEEP) and 2011 data set from Korean Education Longitudinal Study (KELS). Two family background variables, father’s education level and monthly family income, are used as circumstance variables. We identify the cumulative distribution of CSAT scores for each circumstance type. When the first (or the second) order stochastic dominance relation between a pair of cumulative distributions for two circumstance types exists, the first (or the second) order inequality of opportunity prevails. The main results show that the first or the second order inequality of opportunity prevails for both circumstance variables. Opportunity inequality prevails for both subjects of Korean Language Test and English Language Test. The degree of opportunity inequality is higher in the English Test than in the Korean Test and is decreasing as the level of individual effort increases.

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