사회부조제도의 유형과 빈곤완화효과에 관한 비교 연구

초록

This paper aims to classify social assistance programs among 10 welfare states, based on the centralization degree and the work-forced level. It measures the centralization degree thorough the social assistance expenditure ratio financed by the central government, the degree to which conditions of eligibility set by the central government, and the degree to which benefit level actually vary between regions. It also measures the work-force level though the existence of work test, sanction, and requirement of participating government’s job offer or training programs. As a result of analysis, social assistance programs are classified into four major categories, such as Type I( centralized & strong work-forced; UK, Denmark), Type II(centralized & weak work-forced; France, Finland), Type III(decentralized & strong work-forced, US, Germany, Norway), and Type IV(decentralized & weak work-forced, Sweden, Austria, Canada). This paper also attempts to compare poverty alleviation effects for each category of social assistance programs. The result finds that more centralized program yields better results in both poverty alleviation effects of poverty rate and poverty gap ratio. However, there is no evidence that the stronger work-forced program, the more effective is in the poverty alleviation.

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