고대중국어 ‘則’과 ‘而’의 부사 용법 연구

초록

In Ancient Chinese, ‘則’ (zé) is a commonly used conjunction expressing subordination, while ‘而’ (ér) expresses coordination. However, in early Ancient Chinese, when these characters were used as adverbs, they took on a contrasting form. Therefore, this paper conducted a comprehensive investigation into the early appearances of ‘則’ (zé) and ‘而’ (ér) to understand their initial usages. The results led to the following conclusions: First, ‘則’ (zé) and ‘而’ (ér) were commonly used as adverbs in their early stages. Second, ‘則’ (zé) and ‘而’ (ér) were commonly used in contrasting forms in their early stages. Third, ‘則’ (zé) possessed topicality, while ‘而’ (ér) possessed transitionality. In summary, ‘則’ (zé) exhibited characteristics of contrast and topicality, while ‘而’ (ér) exhibited characteristics of contrast and transitionality. Among these, the characteristic of contrast is related to coordination structures. This study concludes that this phenomenon reflects the typological characteristics of early Ancient Chinese, specifically its preference for coordination structures.

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