이동사건 틀로 본 상고중국어 이동동사 ‘出’의 어휘화 양상

초록

This paper examines the lexicalization patterns of the motion verb “出” during the Ancient Chinese period and demonstrates that motion verbs in Ancient Chinese exhibit characteristics of verb-framed languages. In Ancient Chinese, the motion verb “出” expressed the concept of motion in a single character. However, in Modern Chinese, this has evolved into disyllabic structures such as “出來,” indicating a more explicit way of conveying meaning. During the Ancient Chinese period, “出” encapsulated both directional path and deictic orientation, signifying meanings such as “to exit” or “to come out.” Over time, these semantic features became explicitly expressed in the analytical form “出來.” This study argues that the lexicalization patterns observed in Ancient Chinese motion verbs provide evidence that early Chinese possessed characteristics of verb-framed languages. According to Talmy’s (2000) typology, verb-framed languages encode the “path” of motion within the verb, whereas satellite-framed languages represent it through satellites, such as prepositions. Although Chinese motion verbs are often classified as satellite-framed due to their association with resultative complements, the findings of this paper indicate that Ancient Chinese motion verbs inherently encoded both directional path and deictic orientation within the verb itself, aligning with verb-framed language characteristics. However, after the Middle Chinese period, directional path and deictic orientation gradually shifted to be explicitly expressed in an analytical form. This shift illustrates a progression in lexicalization from synthesis to analysis and from implicitness to explicitness. In conclusion, through a comprehensive analysis of the motion verb “出” in Ancient Chinese, this paper argues that Chinese motion verbs initially exhibited characteristics of verb-framed languages and underwent significant lexicalization changes over time.

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