“进化”与“復古”之间 ― 以錢鍾書<論復古>為例

초록

“Returning to the ancients” is an old and usual questions in the history of Chinese literature. Especially, there were a lot of argues between “Returning to the ancients” and “revolution” in the field of Chinese literature. Based on this point of view, this paper emphasized that focusing on the “Returning to the ancients”, and taking Qian Zhongshu錢鍾書’s essay called Returning to the ancients论復古 as the breakthrough point, it was written in 1934. This article was writing about the “Returning to the ancients” in Chinese literature. Through this article, Qian wants to convey his views on praise and criticize Guo Shaoyu郭紹虞’s basic pronouncements about “Returning to the ancients” from Guo’s book is called the history of Chinese literary criticism中国文学批评史. According to this point, this paper is consisted of foreword, two body chapters, conclusion and the references. Chapter one gave an introduction to this paper, including research motive, purpose of study, and reviewed the former research. On the basis of previous studies, in chapter two, tried to discuss about Qian’s literature history view. Qian made a serious criticism of the theory of literature evolution, because it is based on merely one’s own supposition, Qian tried to prove the historical continuity between modem and traditional theories of literature, had its unique concept of literature history view in two ways: uneven comparison, juxtaposing the new and the old. In chapter three, this paper went on research text analysis and clarified the distinction between Qian and Guo’s opinion about “Returning to the ancients” and “revolution” in the field of Chinese literature. I noticed Qian has his own ideas about this problem, it is as in the following: First, Qian is considered literary revolution is just a function, it has nothing to do with content and object; Second, “Returning to the ancients” is a revolution in itself; Third, the successful literary revolution has brought back some ancient ways, it means that it is not only overthrow the ancient times, but also pick up the another ancient times; Fourth, if we ignore national conservatism and its historical continuity, and introduce the new style & new ideas, this innovation will not be very successful. Qian has become very aware the inherent contradiction between “Returning to the ancients” and “revolution” in the field of Chinese literature. Qian opposed blindly advocating the theory of literature evolution, and don’t use their own standard to measure of literature value. It is a remarkable fact that Qian always pay attention to literariness and literature itself. That’s the way it is his early literary criticism and its implications.

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