공항 직원의 밀수형 내부자 위협 대응을 위한 신뢰성 관리 제도 개선방안 연구

초록

Despite significant enhancements to aviation security following the September 11 attacks, insider threats posed by aviation personnel with legitimate access credentials remain an unresolved security vulnerability. In South Korea in particular, smuggling-type insider threats exploiting the access privileges of airport-based employees have continued to occur arguably more so than terrorism-type insider threats yet the current Aviation Security Act lacks systematic provisions to address them. This study analyzes domestic airport smuggling-type insider threat cases by category, identifies institutional gaps in the current Aviation Security Act, and proposes improvements to the airport-based employee reliability management system through comparative analysis with advanced frameworks in the United States, the United Kingdom, and under ICAO standards. Case analysis revealed that domestic smuggling-type insider threats share common patterns: structural abuse of access privileges, prolonged and repeated conduct, financial motivation, and coordination with external criminal organizations. The study further identified five structural gaps in the current Aviation Security Act: a verification system limited to a single pre-employment background check; the absence of a legal definition of insider threats; non-application of the least-privilege access principle; lack of an economic vulnerability monitoring system; and inadequate information-sharing mechanisms among relevant authorities. Based on these findings, the study proposes the following reforms: introduction of a periodic re-vetting system; establishment of a legal definition of insider threats and dedicated regulatory provisions; codification of the least-privilege access principle; and construction of an information-sharing framework between the Korea Customs Service and aviation security authorities.

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