Beamforming center control in LEO satellite communications for maximizing minimum throughput of ground users

초록

The growing demand for high-speed internet access has made low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks a promising solution for serving geographically distributed ground users (GUs). However, determining the optimal beamforming center to ensure fairness among GUs remains a challenging task, especially in dynamic or large-scale scenarios. This paper introduces an optimization framework that maximizes the minimum data rate received by any GU in the satellite coverage area. For the two-GUs and three-GUs cases, we derive closed-form solutions based on geometric principles. For the general case with more than three GUs, we extend these geometric insights to develop an iterative algorithm that progressively refines the beamforming center location using boundary information extracted via the Jarvis algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method closely approximates the global optimum achieved by exhaustive search (ES), significantly outperforms both the centroid-based approach and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) in terms of fairness, minimum throughput, and average per-GU data rate, and remains both low-complexity and scalable.

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